![]() This type of arrangement is typically found in mild hybrids, converting between 14 and 48 V. In some applications, APMs also convert a voltage upwards to help start a hybrid vehicle or provide back-up power, which requires a bidirectional capability. ![]() Power outputs range from 250 W to 3.5 kW, although some onboard chargers (OBCs) handle more than 6 kW about 7.4 kW is regarded as the practical limit.Ĭritical loads on the low-voltage side, such as steering, are driving an increase in functional safety requirements for converters, while reliability demands are also growing because vehicle OEMs want to reduce the size of the low voltage battery. It also has to be adjustable, as some loads may need outputs in the 12.5 to 15.5 V range, while 42 V might be needed by power steering systems, for example. In functional terms there are basically two kinds of DC-DC converter – one to bring high voltages down, the other to convert between different voltages at the low end.Ī vehicle’s main DC-DC converter typically takes a battery’s voltage down to 12 V for common car loads such as headlights, window motors, pumps and so on. Fundamentally, this is because direct electronic conversion between voltages is much simpler and more efficient than the indirect alternative of taking a feed from the high-voltage inverter to power a motor and belt drive for a low-voltage alternator. That is the role of the DC-DC converter.Īlso known as auxiliary power modules (APMs), they can be found in every EV or hybrid with a high voltage battery. However, these voltages do not suit all the electrical loads aboard the vehicle, so a means of converting them to lower or sometimes higher levels efficiently is essential. In modern pure electric and hybrid vehicles, battery voltages of 300- 400 V is becoming common, 600 V is gaining ground and 800 V systems are starting to emerge, all to help produce more power yet keep current flows and cabling manageable. Peter Donaldson investigates the technology that underpins these essential voltage switching devices. Buck-boost converter solutions usually have lower efficiency and a larger footprint than buck converter solutions.DC-DC converters are responsible for supplying secondary loads, and tend to be forced into the small remaining spaces left by the primary components The advantage of using a buck-boost solution is regulating the output voltage over the full power source voltage range. Buck-Boost Converters What is a Buck-Boost Converter?Ī buck-boost converter generates an output voltage either greater or less than the input voltage. The driver boosts the voltage of the power source that is less than the V in. Boost Converters What is a Boost or Step-up Converter?īoost converters, also known as step-up converters, are DC/DC power converters with an output voltage greater than its input voltage. Unsure if a low powered linear regulator or highly efficient switching regulator is a better option for your design? Learn more about Linear vs. A buck converter generally provides the most efficient solution with the smallest external components. The converter reduces the voltage when the power source has a higher voltage than V in. Buck Converters What is a Buck or Step-Down Converter?Ī buck converter, also known as a step-down converter, is a DC/DC power converter that provides voltage step down and current step up. Renesas has many options for DC/DC converters, controllers and regulators with buck, boost and buck-boost topologies. Get started with your power design using the PowerCompass Tool. Multi-output buck and boost controllers, regulators, LDOs and other features for specific power applications Multiple phase buck controllers with and without drivers on board Single and multiple-output buck controllers with and without drivers on boardĪnalog Multiphase DC/DC Switching Controllers Power Modules (Integrated Inductor & FETs)įully integrated buck module with controller, driver, power FETs and inductor in one package Single and multi-output boost regulators with controller, driver and power FETs in one package Single and multi-output buck-boost regulators with controller, driver and power FETs in one package Single and multi-output buck regulators with controller, driver and power FETs in one package Single and multi-output linear regulators/LDOs Complexity Tradeoffs of Power Management Parts Cost
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